This article, Static vs Dynamic Websites: The Definitive Guide is a comprehensive overview of static vs dynamic website/hosting. It leans towards the positives of static hosting as that’s what they’re selling but the info is good.
When we look at your disadvantage point for " The limited languages it supports", you want to be looking at a host that supports dynamic hosting :)
Our resource list would be a great place to start. There is a link to VPS101: Renting A Slice of A Computer on the Internet that was written by one of our members that goes into VPS hosting.
The resource list also contains a list of free webhosts. At a glance, they’re mostly static. Leprd and teacake are shared dynamic hosts I think…
Is this what you’re after? Happy to dive in more if not…